This tool provides high-resolution monthly discharge data for over 64,000 river segments across Africa, generated using advanced hydrological modeling and remote sensing. Human-induced warming is modifying the water cycle. Adaptation to posed threats requires an understanding of hydrological responses to climate variability. Whilst these can be computationally modelled, observed streamflow data is essential for. This comprehensive dataset is stored in NetCDF and Shapefile formats, offering valuable insights for policymakers, stakeholders, and researchers focused on water security, resource management, and climate resilience in Africa. Turner S, Hannaford J, Barker L, Suman G, Killeen A, Armitage R, et al. ROBIN: Reference observatory of basins for international hydrological climate change detection. The Reference Observatory of Basins for INternational hydrological climate change detection (ROBIN) dataset is a global hydrological dataset containing publicly available daily flow data for 2,386 gauging stations across the globe which have natural or near-natural catchments. The documentation also includes descriptions of catchment attributes, climate classifications, and data formatting standards to facilitate informed use of the dataset. Global hydrological dataset of daily streamflow data from the Reference Observatory of Basins for INternational hydrological climate change detection (ROBIN), 1863 - 2022 Crucially, these new countries span a broad range of different climates and the partners also bring specific expertise (for example, unique knowledge of global datasets that can support ROBIN, or specialist analysis of 'ephemeral' rivers that often run dry). Global hydrological dataset of daily streamflow data from the Reference Observatory of Basins for INternational hydrological climate change detection (ROBIN), 1863 - 2022. This collaboration has established a freely available global RHN dataset of over 3,000 catchments and code libraries, which can be used to underpin new science endeavours and advance change detection studies to support international climate policy and adaptation.